Diabetes
Overview
Diabetes affects how the body manages blood glucose. First aiders mainly need to recognise low glucose, support the person with their plan, and act quickly if consciousness is affected.
| Problem | Usual Pattern | Common Signs |
|---|---|---|
| Hypoglycaemia | Low glucose, often rapid onset | Sweaty, shaky, hungry, confused, weak, irritable |
| Hyperglycaemia | High glucose, often slower onset | Thirst, frequent urination, tiredness, nausea, dry skin |
First Aid for Hypoglycaemia
If the person is conscious and able to swallow:
- Help them sit or rest.
- Give fast-acting sugar such as glucose tablets, jelly beans, or a non-diet sweet drink.
- Stay with them and reassess.
- Follow their diabetes management plan if available.
If they are unconscious, fitting, or unable to swallow, do not give food or drink. Follow DRSABCD and call 000.
First Aid for Hyperglycaemia
- Encourage the person to check their glucose or ketones if they normally do this.
- Help them follow their diabetes plan.
- Seek medical advice if symptoms are worsening, prolonged, or associated with vomiting.
- Call 000 if they become drowsy, confused, unconscious, or very unwell.
Important Limits
Do not give insulin as a first aider unless the person's plan specifically directs this and it is within your role and training.