Substance Misuse
Table of Contents
Overview
Substance misuse may involve alcohol, prescription medicines, illicit drugs, inhalants, or combinations. Effects can change quickly, especially when substances are mixed.
Stimulants And Depressants
| Type | Possible Effects |
|---|---|
| Stimulants | Agitation, fast pulse, chest pain, sweating, overheating, seizures, paranoia |
| Depressants | Drowsiness, slow breathing, poor coordination, vomiting, reduced response, unconsciousness |
Do not rely on the casualty's statement or bystander guesses. Manage what you see and keep reassessing.
Overdose First Aid
- Check for danger, including sharps, aggressive behaviour, traffic, or contaminated fluids.
- Follow DRSABCD.
- Call 000 for overdose, unconsciousness, breathing difficulty, chest pain, seizure, severe agitation, or uncertainty.
- Put an unconscious casualty who is breathing normally in the recovery position.
- Give naloxone for suspected opioid overdose if it is available and you are trained or directed to use it.
- Do not induce vomiting.
- Do not give food, drink, or more drugs.
Handover
Stay with the casualty and keep them warm, calm, and observed. Tell emergency services what substance may have been taken, the amount, time, route, and any changes in breathing or responsiveness.